Difference between revisions of "Weather Monitoring"
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All grid weather data is aggregated to various types of regions: | All grid weather data is aggregated to various types of regions: | ||
* Three levels of administrative regions [http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/introduction NUTS regions] | * Three levels of administrative regions [http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/nuts_nomenclature/introduction NUTS regions] | ||
| − | * Two levels of agri-environmental regions | + | * Two levels of agri-environmental regions ([[References|Metzger et. al., 2005]]) |
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Detailed information on other pages: | Detailed information on other pages: | ||
Revision as of 17:03, 15 July 2010
Contents
Introduction
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The weather monitoring module is one of the main elements of the MCYFS. It is divided in three categories:
The data bases store the input data and output data. The data fluxes represent the flow of data from external sources to the data bases, between data bases, towards others parts of the system and to end-users (clients). The procedures manipulate the data. |
File:Architecture weather monitoring.jpg General layout of the weather monitoring components in MCYFS |
General description
The weather monitoring module contains 4 procedures constantly check for updates. The first procedure checks incoming station weather (three-hourly, six-hourly, daily) of over 3000 European weather stations with the AMDAC software. The second procedure interpolates this station weather to a 25x25km grid that completely covers the European region. A third procedure downscales the forecast weather from ECMWF to the same 25x25km grid. And finally all grid weather is aggregated to regions such as countries, provinces, departments, agri-environmental zones etc.
Quality check by AMDAC
The AMDAC software checks all incoming data for errors such as temperatures that are too low or too hight or values that don't change over time. The software automatically flags suspicious data. A meteorologist gives the final verdict based on station observations nearby.
Detailed information on other pages:
Interpolation observed weather to 25x25km grid
The interpolation is managed by a sub-system called Crop Growth Monitoring System (CGMS). For each grid cell every day the most suitable stations are selected and used to interpolate a grid value. From day to day and from weather indicator to weather indicator different stations can be used. In this way an archive is build up with daily weather for each grid cell. The archive goes back to 1975.
All input data and output data of CGMS is stored in a relational database of which the structure is presented in Appendix 4. Individual tables are described in Appendix 5. Procedures may be stored as database objects, scripts or separate software packages. A detailed description of the software procedures can be found in Appendix 3.
Detailed information on other pages:
Downscalling forecast weather to 25x25km grid
Different forecast products from ECMWF are loaded into the system:
| Model | Forecast days | Members | Spatial resolution | Delivery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Analysis model | 1 | 1 | 0.25° x 0.25° | Daily (10.30 hr) |
| Deterministic forecast | 10 | 1 | 0.25° x 0.25° | Daily (12.00 hr) |
| Ensemble Prediction System | 15 | 51 | 0.5° x 0.5° | Daily (14.00 hr) |
| Monthly forecast | 32 | 50 | 0.5° x 0.5° | Every Friday (03.00 hr) |
| Seasonal forecast | 170 | 1 | 0.25° x 0.25° | Every 15th of the month (14.00 hr) |
Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) is used to convert the data to a 25x25km grid. Only the Analysis model is archived. All other forecasts are overwritten whenever a new one is available. In this way an archive is build up with daily model weather for each grid cell going back to 1989.
Detailed information on other pages:
Aggregation of grid weather to regions
All grid weather data is aggregated to various types of regions:
- Three levels of administrative regions NUTS regions
- Two levels of agri-environmental regions (Metzger et. al., 2005)
Detailed information on other pages:
- Analysis of weather indicators
- Time series analysis at station, grid and regional level
- Future developments: cgms numerical weather based
Goals and assumptions
Daily meteorological station data are used in two ways for crop yield evaluations. In the first place as input for the crop growth model WOFOST to simulate crops behaviors and evaluate the effects of weather on crops yields at European level (see Crop Simulation). Secondly as weather indicators for a direct evaluation of alarming situations such as drought, extreme rainfall during sowing, flowering or harvest etc.
The crops behaviors are mainly influenced by the atmospheric conditions near the earth surface. Considering the data availability, resources and purpose of the system a time scale of one day and a spatial scale of 25 by 25 km are chosen as the resolutions to estimate crop yields at European scale.
